Cognitive Behavioral Therapy And Music Therapy - 1629 Words

Cognitive Behavioural Therapy and Music Therapy Music Therapists (MTs) borrow from a range of non-music based therapy models in their development of Music Therapy-specific treatment models. Many widely used Music Therapy (MT) techniques have their roots in psychological theories and treatment models. Cognitive Behavioural Music Therapy (CBMT) draws on the widely-used and extensively researched psychology approach, Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), to address CBT goals through MT interventions. Despite the many parralels between CBT and MT there is limited literature on CBMT; the existing literature indicates that CBMT may be an effective treatment for clients with a variety of needs. Improvisation in CBMT makes up an even smaller portion of the literature, however the theoretical underpinnings of the CBT approach are congruent with the use of music improvisation. CBT was first described by Professor Aaron Beck in the early 1950’s (Wilding Milne, 2008). In contrast with many of the psychological therapy models of the time, CBT was based on the belief that maladaptive thoughts and behaviours arise not from what has happened in our lives, but from how we think about what has happened to us (Taylor, 2006; Newman, 2013). A variety of approaches are considered to fall within the domain of CBT – these include Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (Dryden, 2009), Beck’s CBT approach, and Meichenbaum’s Cognitive Behaviour Modification (Meichenbaum, 1977) These approaches share 3Show MoreRelatedMusic Therapy : Where Does It Stand?1605 Words   |  7 PagesMusic Therapy: Where Does It Stand? When one needs psychotherapy, there are several options. Most people use one or more of these five types: body psychotherapy, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), existential psychotherapy, interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT), or relational psychotherapy (Jefferies). These are some of the most popular forms of psychotherapy, and most patients who use them are successful in healing or reaching a manageable state. Because of their famed efficiency and reliability, manyRead MoreThe Theoretical Frameworks I Most Relate To Are Holistic1101 Words   |  5 PagesThe theoretical frameworks I most relate to are Holistic therapy, Cognitive Behavioral therapy, and Gestalt therapy. I intend to blend elements from multiple therapeutic approaches so that I may benefit my clients in the best way possible. Dated back to the era of Hippocrates, the holistic method has focused on improving the wellbeing and mental wellness of individuals. Holistic therapy emphasizes the significance of being balanced an d whole. The role of the Holistic counselor is to assist the clientRead MoreThe Treatment Of Dissociative Identity Disorder Essay1283 Words   |  6 Pagesexpress symptoms of dissociative identity disorder and a number of other disorders (Ellason Ross, 1997). Many therapies, such as psychotherapy, that deals treatment through addressing trauma can be effective because of its integration with the root of dissociative identity disorder. Dr. Jekyll would benefit from a variety of psychotherapy, also known as â€Å"talk therapy.† This type of therapy is where Dr. Jekyll will have the opportunity to speak with a trained therapist in a safe and confidential environmentRead MoreEssay on Exploring the Effects of Exercise on Depression1930 Words   |  8 Pagesdepression is leading to the over prescription of antidepressants where other, non-drug, options such as cognitive behavioral therapy, music therapy, or exercise therapy would suffice, with little to no side effects. To prevent the over prescription of antidepressants to those who do not need them, alternative treatments such as cognitive behavioral therapy, music therapy, or exercise therapy should be used as a buffer for the problems that can be solved without drugs, before drugs are prescribedRead MoreEvidence-Based Treatments for Childhood Depression3114 Words   |  13 Pagesfamily therapy. If a case involves any type of family discord whatsoever, the research I have found on family therapy gives me great confidence that including key family members in the treatment process of a child’s depression can be extremely beneficial. In a study conducted by Trowell, et al, 11 sessions of family therapy were found to be even more effective as a program which included 25 sessions of psychotherapy coupled with 12 parent classes. 81% of the cases receiving family therapy were recoveredRead MoreAn Interview With A Social Work Practitioner1243 Words   |  5 Pagesdisorders. She received a clinical training from the Beck Institute in Philadelphia for Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Children and Adolescents. Additionally, she received clinical and research trainings with support from the Annie E. Casey Foundation for Child and Youth Mental Health Interventions at UCLA. She is currently completing training through Marsha Linehan’s Behavioral Tech, LLC for Dialectical Behavior Therapy and Managing Anxiety and Panic for Adolescent s (MAP-A). Dr. Anthony’s educationRead MoreSite Visit1087 Words   |  5 PagesSite Visit Cognitive behavioral techniques are used during a counseling session in a hospital or office setting by therapist. Although I was unable to do a current Site visit to a human service department of a company to write my report, I do know from my own experience some things pertaining to programs that employ behavioral or genitive intervention and or models. In this paper I will attempt to explore some areas within a cognitive intervention such as: †¢ What population participates inRead MoreAnxiety, Depression, And Medications1595 Words   |  7 Pagesthere s psychotherapy and biomedical therapy.. Psychotherapy is a â€Å"psychological treatment that employs various methods to help someone overcome personal problems, or to attain personal growth, and biomedical therapy involves medication and/or medical procedures to treat psychological disorders.† (OpenStax, 2016). People who go through psychotherapy basically talk about their past with a professional or a family/friend. Biomedical therapy also known as â€Å"drug therapy† has people put on medications thatRead MoreDescription Of A Leader X773 Words   |  4 Pages Theoretical Formulation Leader X’s case is well suited for conceptualization using cognitive behavior therapy. The CBT approach focuses on thoughts and how they influence behavior and feelings. The cognitive interventions aim to modify maladaptive cognitions while the behavioral interventions aim to decrease maladaptive behaviors and increase adaptive ones (Craske, 2010). CBT is a problem focused therapy, so according to this approach we can immediately begin addressing and fixing his problemsRead MoreTreatment Of Schizophrenia And Generalized Anxiety Disorder1427 Words   |  6 Pageselectroconvulsive therapy when the disease is extensive (Watson, 2005). The complications in the treatment of the disease include headaches and disorientation. Schizophrenia is disease of the mind that makes it arduous for an individual to tell between the real and what is unreal. The symptoms of schizophrenia include obscured thinking depression and hallucinations among others. The treatment of schizophrenia ranges fr om pharmacotherapy to psychosocial interventions such as skills training, family therapy and

The Scarlet Letter, By Nathaniel Hawthorne - 1187 Words

Within his 1850 romance novel, The Scarlet Letter, Nathaniel Hawthorne produces a storyline which progresses with a somewhat ambiguous protagonist. The obvious answer appears to be the book’s main character, Hester Prynne. After analyzing the text, Arthur Dimmesdale possesses many of the distinct qualities that define a novel’s protagonist and therefore raises the question of who is Hawthorne’s central character? Although he enters the plot as a rather unfavorable character, Dimmesdale owns three of the most important qualities for a literary protagonist. He has a distinct problem that needs to be fixed, he is held back by an opposing force, and he shows the ability to transform into a better, stronger individual. Although he is not an immediate answer for who plays the role of protagonist in The Scarlet Letter, Arthur Dimmesdale proves to be a worthy candidate of the position as he attempts to overcome his guilt caused by sin. Arthur Dimmesdale’s place in society is subject to a large amount of scrutiny and irony because he holds the position of a Puritan minister, someone who must follow the word of God closely, yet he has wrongfully sinned. By participating in the acts of adultery with Hester Prynne, Dimmesdale places himself in an emotional trap because he cannot admit his wrongdoing to the public. His dilemma exists based on the fact that his soul will be tarnished in the eyes of God if he admits to his actions, but holding the news inside is even more painful on anShow MoreRelatedThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1242 Words   |  5 PagesLYS PAUL Modern Literature Ms. Gordon The Scarlet Letter The scarlet letter is book written by Nathaniel Hawthorne who is known as one the most studied writers because of his use of allegory and symbolism. He was born on July 4, 1804 in the family of Nathaniel, his father, and Elizabeth Clark Hathorne his mother. Nathaniel added â€Å"W† to his name to distance himself from the side of the family. His father Nathaniel, was a sea captain, and died in 1808 with a yellow fever while at sea. That was aRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne960 Words   |  4 Pages3H 13 August 2014 The novel, The Scarlet Letter, was written by the author Nathaniel Hawthorne and was published in 1850 (1). It is a story about the Puritan settlers of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, set around 1650 (2). The story is written in the third person with the narrator being the author. The common thread that runs through this novel is Hawthorne’s apparent understanding of the beliefs and culture of the Puritans in America at that time. But Hawthorne is writing about events in a societyRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter, By Nathaniel Hawthorne919 Words   |  4 Pagessymbolism in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"The Scarlet Letter†. Symbolism is when an object is used in place of a different object. Nathaniel Hawthorne is one of the most symbolic writers in all of American history. In â€Å"The Scarlet Letter†, the letter â€Å"A† is used to symbolize a variety of different concepts. The three major symbolistic ideas that the letter â€Å"A† represents in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"The Scarlet Letter† are; shame, guilt, and ability. In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"The Scarlet Letter†, the firstRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1397 Words   |  6 PagesFebruary 2016 The Scarlet Letter was written by Nathaniel Hawthorne in 1850 which is based on the time frame of the Puritans, a religious group who arrived in Massachusetts in the 1630’s. The Puritans were in a religious period that was known for the strict social norms in which lead to the intolerance of different lifestyles. Nathaniel Hawthorne uses the puritan’s strict lifestyles to relate to the universal issues among us. The time frame of the puritans resulted in Hawthorne eventually thinkingRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne999 Words   |  4 Pages Nathaniel Hawthorne is the author of the prodigious book entitled The Scarlet Letter. In The Scarlet Letter, Hester Prynne commits adultery with Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale. Her husband, Roger Chillingworth, soon finds out about the incident after it becomes clear that she is pregnant. The whole town finds out and Hester is tried and punished. Meanwhile, Roger Chillingworth goes out then on a mission to get revenge by becoming a doctor and misprescribing Dimmesdale. He does this to torture DimmesdaleRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter, by Nathaniel Hawthorne1037 Words   |  5 Pagesthat human nature knows right from wrong, but is naturally evil and that no man is entirely â€Å"good†. Nathaniel Hawthorne, author of the classic novel The Scarlet Letter, believes that every man is innately good and Hawthorne shows that everyone has a natural good side by Hester’s complex character, Chillingworth’s actions and Dimmesdale’s selfless personality. At the beginning of the Scarlet Letter Hester Prynne is labeled as the â€Å"bad guy†. The townspeople demand the other adulterer’s name, butRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1517 Words   |  7 PagesNathaniel Hawthorne composes Pearl as a powerful character even though she is not the main one. Her actions not only represent what she is as a person, but what other characters are and what their actions are. Hawthorne makes Pearl the character that helps readers understand what the other characters are. She fits perfectly into every scene she is mentioned in because of the way her identity and personality is. Pearl grows throughout the book, which in the end, help the readers better understandRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter, By Nathaniel Hawthorne1488 Words   |  6 Pages In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s novel The Scarlet Letter, the main character, Hester Prynne, is a true contemporary of the modern era, being cast into 17th century Puritan Boston, Massachusetts. The Scarlet Letter is a revolutionary novel by Nathaniel Hawthorne examining the ugliness, complexity, and strength of the human spirit and character that shares new ideas about independence and the struggles women faced in 17th century America. Throughout the novel, Hester’s refusal to remove the scarlet letterRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1319 Words   |  6 PagesPrynne and Arthur Dimmesdale are subject to this very notion in Nathaniel Hawthorne s The Scarlet Letter. Hester simply accepted that what she had done was wrong, whereas Dimmesdale, being a man of high regard, did not want to accept the reality of what he did. Similar to Hester and Dimmesdale, Roger Chillingworth allows his emotions to influence his life; however, his influence came as the result of hi s anger. Throughout the book, Hawthorne documents how Dimmesdale and Hester s different ways of dealingRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1714 Words   |  7 PagesSome two hundred years following the course of events in the infamous and rigid Puritan Massachusetts Colony in the 1600s, Nathaniel Hawthorne, descendant of a Puritan magistrate, in the 19th century, published The Scarlet Letter. Wherein such work, Hawthorne offered a social critique against 17th Massachusetts through the use of complex and dynamic characters and literary Romanticism to shed light on said society’s inherent contradiction to natural order and natural law. In his conclusive statements

The AIDS Epidemic Free Essays

Ever since the initial description of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1(HIV-1) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2(HIV-2) in the early 1980s, these two viruses have been repeatedly confirmed to be the causative agents behind Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). HIV-1 is the most predominant cause of AIDS in the world today and developing countries in Asia, South America and Sub-Saharan Africa bear the brunt of the AIDS epidemic (Hoffman et al 2007).   AIDS is a condition that is caused by immune system deficiency. We will write a custom essay sample on The AIDS Epidemic or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is a syndrome since it encompasses a pattern characterized by different symptoms presenting with varied manifestations. As an acquired condition or disease, infection is transmitted from person to person via specific transmission routes. These modes of transmission sets it apart from the numerous immune system diseases which are mainly genetic related or caused by anti-cancer as well as immune suppressing therapies. The first instances of AIDS infection can be traced to between 1979-1980 where HIV infections presented as a new disease that had never existed in medical practice or terminology (Chandramouli Hubley 1995). AIDS among African Americans In 1981, Los Angeles doctors noticed a new disease. They were baffled that young men who were apparently healthy began developing pneumonia like disease caused by a microorganism that had never been detected before. It was strange because it was known that pneumocystis only caused disease among those with a compromised immune system. In New York, doctors began recording a new disease among young men. They identified the disease as being Kaposi’s sarcoma because it damaged the immune system. One strange fact was that all the men infected were homosexuals, many of whom had contracted other sexually transmission infections like syphilis and gonorrhea. They reached a conclusion that the new disease must also be sexually transmitted (Chandramouli Hubley 1995). The same symptoms were also found to be prevalent among the intravenous drug users and hemophiliacs. Since many of the drug users shared needles, researchers concluded that the disease was also transmitted through body fluids like blood. Since AIDS was mainly concentrated among gays and drug users who were mainly blacks a misconception arose due to the inherent discrimination and the disease was not tackled as it should have been. The result was a rapid spread of AIDS among the black community. The underlying socioeconomic and political factors helped to further fuel the AIDS epidemic among African Americans. Currently, African Americans are still disproportionately affected by HIV/AIDS. While blacks constitute only 13% of the entire US populace, 49% of AIDS cases are found among blacks. It has also been established that AIDS is the leading cause of mortality among Black women in the age bracket 24-34. Among men in the age group 33-44, AIDS is the second leading cause of death (http://www.hhs.gov/). Among African Americans, statistics show that more than 36% of all AIDS cases are attributable to homosexual/bisexual activity and approximately 38% are attributable to intravenous drug injections. Infections due to heterosexual contact account for approximately 12% of infections. This puts black Americans at a much higher risk of contracting HIV/AIDS, mainly due to same-sex sexual behavior, than other racial categories like Hispanics and Whites. The magnitude of the AIDS scourge among Black Americans is also due to a history of discrimination and neglect in instituting measures aimed at promoting a deviance from bisexual activity and other measures of prevention among the black community. The misperception that AIDS was only concentrated among blacks buttressed with the risk factors has served to worsen the AIDS scenario to this day (Levine et al 1997). The Origin of AIDS Ever since the AIDS epidemic became a reality, several theories and evidences have been put forward to try and explain the origins of the AIDS epidemic. Just like any controversy, various fronts of argument have made it almost impossible to clearly confirm the exact origin of the virus. However, there is evidence that the retrovirus incriminated in causing AIDS has been in the environment even before AIDS as a disease became its worldwide spread. The current debates on the origins of the AIDS epidemic is not limited to the biological factors but has also been complicated by various political, social and economic theories that not only attempt to provide an explanation on the nature of the spread; as in among African Americans, but also provide scientific evidence to the extent that the virus was a product of genetic engineering. Initially, as the virus spread among the African American community, the disease and its etiologic agent remained largely unknown to the medical community. It has also not been resolved whether the virus originated from American soil or from African soil. The first pandemic is believed to have its origin in America but the second epidemic causes by the HIV-2 have its center in West Africa. At the same time it is also believed that HIV-1 began to spread via three distinct routes; two routes have been traced to North America, while third route has been traced to Central Africa. It is uncertain whether the American and the African routes possess any relation whatsoever. The origin of the AIDS virus is attributed to an assertion made at a Congressional Hearing in 1969. It was predicted that the US military was in the process of developing a super germ for its use in the biowarfare program. The development of the new germ was to be made possible by the advancement in genetic engineering. The super germ would also have the capacity to wipe out massive human populations. Its mode of transmission would make ineffective any human intervention ton prevent its spread. The Department of Defense spokesperson is on record for having said that, â€Å"Within the next five to ten years, it would be possible to produce a new infective microorganism which could differ in certain important respects from any known disease causing organisms. Most important of these is that it might be refractory to the immunological and therapeutic processes upon which we depend to maintain our relative freedom from infectious disease†(Testimony given before the Sub-Committee of the House Committee on Appropriations, Department of Defense Appropriations for 1970, Washington, 1969) (Cantwell 1992, p 137). This initial assertion was later on buttressed by J. Clemmesen; a Copenhagen epidemiologist in 1973 when lecturing cancer researchers. He presented a visualization of a situation in which a virus could naturally or be scientifically being induced to mutate to produce a very contagious variant capable of causing an epidemic and thwarting any chances of vaccination. A decade after the Congressional hearing, the predictions seemed to have become a reality with the coming of the AIDS epidemic spreading throughout the world despite interventions to prevent its spread. By 1985, four years after the first case of AIDS had been reported by doctors in excess of 130 countries had confirmed AIDS within their borders. This position of the origin conclusively shows that AIDS originated from the military laboratories (Cantwell 1992). How to cite The AIDS Epidemic, Papers